1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:15,599 This series presents information based in part on theory and conjecture. 2 00:00:15,599 --> 00:00:20,119 The producer's purpose is to suggest some possible explanations, but not necessarily 3 00:00:20,119 --> 00:00:27,239 the only ones to the mysteries we will examine. 4 00:00:27,239 --> 00:00:31,439 It is the lowest place on the face of the earth. 5 00:00:31,439 --> 00:00:35,759 The sea is so salt nothing can live in it. 6 00:00:35,759 --> 00:00:41,238 Yet in small settlements along the west bank of this dead sea, Jewish scholars once sought 7 00:00:41,238 --> 00:00:45,158 refuge from the moral decay of their time. 8 00:00:45,158 --> 00:00:51,718 The refuge ended shortly after the time of Christ. 9 00:00:51,718 --> 00:00:57,798 The Roman conquerors were tightening their stranglehold on the Holy Land. 10 00:00:57,798 --> 00:01:01,958 Even the suggestion of dissension was intolerable. 11 00:01:01,958 --> 00:01:09,837 So, the Emperor's legions crushed the desert settlements of the rabbis. 12 00:01:09,837 --> 00:01:14,677 A Jewish sect called the Essen apparently knew the end was coming. 13 00:01:14,677 --> 00:01:19,277 For generations they had collected the wisdom of their people and the earliest known versions 14 00:01:19,277 --> 00:01:21,677 of the Old Testament. 15 00:01:21,677 --> 00:01:26,637 These treasures they hid in the caves that only they knew existed in the mountains behind 16 00:01:26,637 --> 00:01:28,757 their settlement. 17 00:01:28,757 --> 00:01:33,236 Nineteen centuries later, the treasure would be rediscovered. 18 00:01:33,236 --> 00:01:38,436 It would be a vindication of the faith of millions, evidence of the Bible as a factual 19 00:01:38,436 --> 00:01:49,956 history of the birth and heritage of mankind. 20 00:01:49,956 --> 00:01:53,556 No other city has inspired such passions. 21 00:01:53,556 --> 00:01:55,396 Jerusalem. 22 00:01:55,396 --> 00:02:00,355 Their ancient walls have seen so much. 23 00:02:00,355 --> 00:02:04,795 Pilgrims coming from all over the world. 24 00:02:04,795 --> 00:02:10,835 Jews mourning past outrages in prayers before stones quarried two thousand years ago for 25 00:02:10,835 --> 00:02:14,115 herit. 26 00:02:14,115 --> 00:02:19,875 Muslims visiting the site of Mohammed's ascension on a hill remembered by Jews for Abraham's 27 00:02:19,875 --> 00:02:22,595 sacrifice. 28 00:02:22,595 --> 00:02:27,754 Winding past sacred monuments are streets filled with mystery. 29 00:02:27,754 --> 00:02:31,434 The passers-by are a polyglot of creeds and cultures. 30 00:02:31,434 --> 00:02:39,394 For the moment they coexist, yet Jerusalem is a city wearied by war. 31 00:02:39,394 --> 00:02:42,434 Visitors are drawn to the nearby town of Bethlehem. 32 00:02:43,074 --> 00:02:48,514 There, commercial banners proclaim the birthplace of the Prince of Peace. 33 00:02:48,514 --> 00:02:54,713 From that time to this, Bethlehem has been a trading place for nomads from Judea. 34 00:02:54,713 --> 00:03:01,793 In 1947, one of these nomads found his way to a small shop hoping to sell a rotting parchment 35 00:03:01,793 --> 00:03:07,833 he'd found in the desert. 36 00:03:07,833 --> 00:03:11,833 The desert beyond Bethlehem is Judea. 37 00:03:11,833 --> 00:03:16,833 Some things are rare in the land of the prophets, but a spring emerges from the mountains at 38 00:03:16,833 --> 00:03:21,592 a place called Ain Feshka. 39 00:03:21,592 --> 00:03:27,672 For as long as history has been recorded here, fresh water has flowed, nourishing vegetation 40 00:03:27,672 --> 00:03:29,992 and refreshing wayfarers. 41 00:03:29,992 --> 00:03:37,512 In recent times, Ain Feshka was Arab territory, part of the kingdom of Jordan. 42 00:03:37,512 --> 00:03:46,031 In the Six Day War, Israel pushed Jordan out of Jerusalem, out of Bethlehem, and out of Judea. 43 00:03:46,031 --> 00:03:53,831 Now the Israelis hold the entire West Bank of the Jordan River and Dead Sea. 44 00:03:53,831 --> 00:03:59,351 Israel's 1967 Blitzkrieg was intended to push Arab forces back to the East Bank of the Jordan 45 00:03:59,351 --> 00:04:04,871 River and the Dead Sea, thus giving the tiny Jewish state a defensible border with its 46 00:04:04,871 --> 00:04:06,511 hostile neighbors. 47 00:04:06,511 --> 00:04:11,070 The West Bank is hostile enough without the thunder of competing armies. 48 00:04:11,070 --> 00:04:14,190 It is hot and dry and mountainous. 49 00:04:14,190 --> 00:04:18,950 The greenery and cool breezes of Jerusalem are only a short drive away, but they might 50 00:04:18,950 --> 00:04:22,430 as well be on the other side of the moon. 51 00:04:22,430 --> 00:04:27,510 Nowhere is the harsh reality of life on the West Bank more apparent than at an ancient 52 00:04:27,510 --> 00:04:32,710 mountain sanctuary 30 miles south of the spring at Ain Feshka. 53 00:04:33,710 --> 00:04:39,909 Today, cable cars make the journey to the top an easy one. 54 00:04:39,909 --> 00:04:45,549 In the time of Rome's dominion over the Hebrews, the trip meant climbing a trail called the 55 00:04:45,549 --> 00:04:46,549 Snake. 56 00:04:46,549 --> 00:04:53,629 By whatever route to the top, one encounters an astonishing monument to the human struggle 57 00:04:53,629 --> 00:04:56,629 for freedom. 58 00:04:56,629 --> 00:05:01,429 The place is Masada. 59 00:05:02,149 --> 00:05:08,628 2,000 years ago, a people called the Zealots lived here. 60 00:05:08,628 --> 00:05:15,148 They looked at the corrupt world below and felt safe. 61 00:05:15,148 --> 00:05:20,948 Masada was the largest of the West Bank settlements maintained by religious patriots in defiance 62 00:05:20,948 --> 00:05:23,028 of Roman authority. 63 00:05:23,028 --> 00:05:30,547 On their mountaintop, the Zealots even had room to grow livestock and crops. 64 00:05:30,547 --> 00:05:35,187 From their lookouts, they could see the other side of the Dead Sea and watch invasion routes 65 00:05:35,187 --> 00:05:39,187 from the north. 66 00:05:39,187 --> 00:05:46,307 An elaborate complex of reservoirs was cut into the mountain to store runoff from rare 67 00:05:46,307 --> 00:05:53,067 winter rains, enough to quench Masada's thirst all summer. 68 00:05:53,067 --> 00:05:58,306 No enemy could approach the walls of the city without being seen. 69 00:05:58,306 --> 00:06:05,706 The Zealots were prepared for just about everything, but they had not anticipated the tenacity 70 00:06:05,706 --> 00:06:11,826 of the Roman legion. 71 00:06:11,826 --> 00:06:15,026 The army was marching south from Jerusalem. 72 00:06:15,026 --> 00:06:19,826 Rome was expanding the frontiers of empire. 73 00:06:19,826 --> 00:06:24,505 The legionnaires brought engines of war. 74 00:06:24,505 --> 00:06:32,825 They were prepared for a long siege. 75 00:06:32,825 --> 00:06:37,825 From the summit of Masada, it is still possible to see the outlines of the Roman encampments 76 00:06:37,825 --> 00:06:40,985 below. 77 00:06:40,985 --> 00:06:44,585 The battle raged three years. 78 00:06:44,585 --> 00:06:50,584 By then, the Zealots knew the end was near. 79 00:06:50,584 --> 00:06:55,544 They drew lots to implement a desperate plan. 80 00:06:55,544 --> 00:07:01,704 The Zealots had chosen death by their own hands rather than surrender. 81 00:07:01,704 --> 00:07:11,024 The man chosen by Lot to see the deed done had fallen on his own sword. 82 00:07:11,024 --> 00:07:16,503 The Zealots might have been hardened in their resolve by news of what had happened at Qumran. 83 00:07:16,503 --> 00:07:22,103 Like Masada, Qumran was a community of devout Jews who sought refuge from oppression and 84 00:07:22,103 --> 00:07:23,863 immorality. 85 00:07:23,863 --> 00:07:31,543 Their settlement lay in the Romans' line of march from Jerusalem to Masada. 86 00:07:31,543 --> 00:07:38,183 Qumran was much smaller, with none of Masada's formidable defenses. 87 00:07:38,183 --> 00:07:44,622 Its people were more disposed to prayer than politics or war. 88 00:07:44,622 --> 00:07:49,302 The Romans crushed them and moved on. 89 00:07:49,302 --> 00:07:54,822 For perhaps 200 years, the Qumran sect had struggled for survival in the desert. 90 00:07:54,822 --> 00:07:59,382 They had dug a canal to carry rainwater from reservoirs in the mountains. 91 00:07:59,382 --> 00:08:09,981 The canal led to an elaborate system of channels inside the settlement. 92 00:08:09,981 --> 00:08:20,901 These in turn fed a network of smaller channels which emptied into large and small cisterns. 93 00:08:20,901 --> 00:08:29,661 Use of a precious fluid, both for ceremony and survival, was decided in council debate. 94 00:08:29,661 --> 00:08:33,900 Debates took place in a large hall. 95 00:08:33,900 --> 00:08:40,180 Very full initiates could speak. 96 00:08:40,180 --> 00:08:45,580 Ritual cleansing in special pools was part of an initiation process which might take 97 00:08:45,580 --> 00:08:48,700 several years. 98 00:08:48,700 --> 00:08:53,700 It was the only way to become a participant in community life. 99 00:08:53,700 --> 00:08:58,220 If the new member was favored, he might gain access to another part of the settlement. 100 00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:04,179 In a small room facing the sea, Qumran's most important work was done. 101 00:09:04,179 --> 00:09:09,379 Here, scribes bent over plaster benches copying holy scriptures. 102 00:09:09,379 --> 00:09:14,739 Their work illuminated by a window open to the sky. 103 00:09:14,739 --> 00:09:20,939 In another room, potters worked to prepare the jars which would hold the scrolls. 104 00:09:20,939 --> 00:09:24,179 Others tanned hides for parchment. 105 00:09:24,179 --> 00:09:28,298 Work came to an abrupt halt in the spring of 31 B.C. 106 00:09:28,298 --> 00:09:34,538 The Roman historian Josephus marks this as the time of a terrible earthquake. 107 00:09:34,538 --> 00:09:39,698 Major damage which might have been caused by that quake is evident at Qumran. 108 00:09:39,698 --> 00:09:44,938 Did the community then scatter to the hills? 109 00:09:44,938 --> 00:09:52,298 Open graves at the walls of Qumran may be evidence of the heavy price exacted by nature. 110 00:09:52,298 --> 00:09:56,897 New construction on the side of cleared wreckage indicates the settlement slowly came back 111 00:09:56,897 --> 00:09:57,897 to life. 112 00:09:57,897 --> 00:10:03,897 The dedication of the community was not to be thwarted by a catastrophe of God's making. 113 00:10:03,897 --> 00:10:07,937 Perhaps the Qumran settlers felt their faith was being tested. 114 00:10:07,937 --> 00:10:12,377 When the final crisis came, the people of Qumran would be ready. 115 00:10:12,377 --> 00:10:20,896 The flocks of goats and sheep grazing on the hills between Jerusalem and the Dead Sea 116 00:10:20,896 --> 00:10:26,176 belong to nomadic desert Arabs called Bedouin. 117 00:10:26,176 --> 00:10:30,256 They are a clanish people hardened to life in the wilderness. 118 00:10:30,256 --> 00:10:33,656 Few outsiders ever get close to them. 119 00:10:33,656 --> 00:10:38,736 Since the 17th century, the Ta-Mira tribe has ekeed out a living near the banks of the 120 00:10:38,736 --> 00:10:40,736 Dead Sea. 121 00:10:40,736 --> 00:10:46,655 The terrain is harsh and tending the livestock is hard work. 122 00:10:47,415 --> 00:10:54,535 On a hot summer's day in 1947, a young Ta-Mira goat herd went chasing a stray. 123 00:10:54,535 --> 00:11:02,095 His name was Muhammad Adib and he was about to make history. 124 00:11:02,095 --> 00:11:10,295 2,000 years before Muhammad, others had followed the same path into the wilderness. 125 00:11:10,295 --> 00:11:15,094 The young Bedouin who couldn't read and knew nothing of history was walking in the footsteps 126 00:11:15,094 --> 00:11:20,054 of scholars who had devoted their lives to preserving the past. 127 00:11:20,054 --> 00:11:27,534 The adventure Muhammad was embarked on would soon vindicate their labors. 128 00:11:27,534 --> 00:11:30,614 Cool blackness had caught the boy's eye. 129 00:11:30,614 --> 00:11:32,334 It was a cave. 130 00:11:32,334 --> 00:11:42,693 Playfully, Muhammad dropped a stone. 131 00:11:42,693 --> 00:11:47,173 He had found the hiding place of the Dead Sea Scrolls. 132 00:11:47,173 --> 00:11:51,773 When the news of the discovery reached me in Jerusalem, I was a fellow of the American 133 00:11:51,773 --> 00:11:57,653 School of Oriental Research in the year 1947-48. 134 00:11:57,653 --> 00:12:01,373 On February 15th, a few days before. 135 00:12:01,373 --> 00:12:06,532 Professor John Trevor was the first scholar to see Muhammad's discovery, as agents for 136 00:12:06,532 --> 00:12:10,372 the Bedouin quietly sought to determine its worth. 137 00:12:10,372 --> 00:12:17,772 It was Wednesday, the 18th of February, when the Syrians called to the American School 138 00:12:17,772 --> 00:12:22,732 to get some information about some manuscripts that they had. 139 00:12:22,732 --> 00:12:24,572 I was amazed by their description. 140 00:12:24,572 --> 00:12:26,492 It didn't make too much sense to me. 141 00:12:26,492 --> 00:12:30,332 So I said, well, the only way I can give you information is to see the documents. 142 00:12:30,332 --> 00:12:33,251 So they agreed to come over the next afternoon. 143 00:12:33,251 --> 00:12:40,491 And when they arrived, they had a satchel with five documents wrapped in Arabic newspaper. 144 00:12:40,491 --> 00:12:42,811 They handed me one, very small one. 145 00:12:42,811 --> 00:12:46,411 And I tried to open it, and it was very brittle. 146 00:12:46,411 --> 00:12:50,731 Before I had a chance to do more than simply notice it was in Hebrew, then they drew my 147 00:12:50,731 --> 00:12:53,251 attention to this large scroll. 148 00:12:53,251 --> 00:12:57,250 And when I began to look at what was before me, I was puzzled. 149 00:12:57,250 --> 00:13:02,970 And immediately when I began to compare this script with the Nashville Pirates, I saw evidences 150 00:13:02,970 --> 00:13:04,530 of great antiquity. 151 00:13:04,530 --> 00:13:09,090 The Nashville Pirates had been dated in the second century, first century BC. 152 00:13:09,090 --> 00:13:14,530 And I thought to myself, well, perhaps then this could be as old as the Nashville Pirates, 153 00:13:14,530 --> 00:13:18,890 which would make it a thousand years older than the oldest known biblical manuscript 154 00:13:18,890 --> 00:13:19,890 in Hebrew. 155 00:13:19,890 --> 00:13:24,529 But then I suddenly realized that I had not checked the manuscript for authenticity. 156 00:13:24,529 --> 00:13:25,529 Could it be a forgery? 157 00:13:25,529 --> 00:13:27,889 It was the question that plagued me all that night. 158 00:13:27,889 --> 00:13:32,169 So the next morning I made arrangements to get into the old city and go to the monastery. 159 00:13:32,169 --> 00:13:37,009 And then they brought out the scroll again, and I began to unroll it very carefully, looking 160 00:13:37,009 --> 00:13:42,649 for evidences of corrections, particularly that might give an indication of authenticity. 161 00:13:42,649 --> 00:13:47,609 And I finally came to column 33, and there suddenly was the evidence that I was looking 162 00:13:47,609 --> 00:13:48,609 for. 163 00:13:48,609 --> 00:13:53,928 For here on this column are two corrections made by two different hands, and no forger 164 00:13:53,928 --> 00:13:57,928 could possibly have produced the phenomenon of those corrections. 165 00:13:57,928 --> 00:14:03,008 Then I knew that I was looking at a manuscript that was 2,000 years old, the oldest biblical 166 00:14:03,008 --> 00:14:06,208 manuscript yet discovered. 167 00:14:06,208 --> 00:14:09,328 News of the discovery touched off a stampede. 168 00:14:09,328 --> 00:14:20,287 Jordanian authorities called on the famed desert police for help. 169 00:14:20,287 --> 00:14:24,127 The Bedouin weren't about to tell anyone where the cave was. 170 00:14:24,127 --> 00:14:29,167 They would be up to the police to find it before more scrolls got into the wrong hands, 171 00:14:29,167 --> 00:14:38,767 and bidding climbed too high for scholars to compete with private collectors. 172 00:14:38,767 --> 00:14:41,567 In time, the police succeeded. 173 00:14:41,567 --> 00:14:47,206 They found not one cave, but a virtual honeycomb in the hills behind Qumran. 174 00:14:47,206 --> 00:14:50,526 The Bedouin, however, had found them first. 175 00:14:50,526 --> 00:14:53,326 They were picked clean. 176 00:14:53,326 --> 00:14:59,366 No one could be sure how many of the caves had actually contained anything of value. 177 00:14:59,366 --> 00:15:04,046 Scroll hunting had become the full-time occupation of the town Miratrad. 178 00:15:04,046 --> 00:15:07,246 Every likely crevice was explored. 179 00:15:07,246 --> 00:15:11,485 The Bedouin had approached the task with the same cunning that had made them successful 180 00:15:11,485 --> 00:15:13,645 smugglers and highwaymen. 181 00:15:13,645 --> 00:15:20,605 Clearly, the only choice authorities had was to deal with the Bedouin. 182 00:15:20,605 --> 00:15:26,045 Head archaeologist Joseph Saad checked into the Winter Palace Hotel in Jericho, posing 183 00:15:26,045 --> 00:15:28,645 as an agent for a wealthy collector. 184 00:15:28,645 --> 00:15:35,084 There, Saad met secretly with his superior to fix the price they were willing to pay. 185 00:15:35,084 --> 00:15:42,484 They settled on a maximum fee of one pound sterling per square centimeter of scroll fragment. 186 00:15:42,484 --> 00:15:49,964 Negotiations were set to take place in a rundown hotel on the other side of town. 187 00:15:49,964 --> 00:15:55,644 The Bedouin was a Bethlehem merchant named Kando. 188 00:15:55,644 --> 00:16:01,723 It was to him that Muhammad had brought the first scrolls. 189 00:16:01,723 --> 00:16:11,563 Eventually, the bargain was made. 190 00:16:11,563 --> 00:16:16,323 Although neither side really trusted the other, a relationship now existed that could enable 191 00:16:16,323 --> 00:16:26,843 scholars to unravel the mystery of the scrolls. 192 00:16:26,843 --> 00:16:31,482 Kando and his young Bedouin friend Muhammad even traveled to Amman, Jordan to dine with 193 00:16:31,482 --> 00:16:34,042 the director of antiquities. 194 00:16:34,042 --> 00:16:44,842 There for the first time, officials heard the full story of the amazing discovery. 195 00:16:44,842 --> 00:16:51,082 By now, experts had a much clearer understanding of the importance of the scrolls. 196 00:16:51,082 --> 00:16:58,401 Basically, the scrolls provide a 2,000-year-old verification of the accuracy of the Old Testament 197 00:16:58,401 --> 00:17:00,641 as known to modern men. 198 00:17:00,641 --> 00:17:10,281 The uniformity of the versions was astonishing. 199 00:17:10,281 --> 00:17:15,121 In 1952, another amazing discovery was made. 200 00:17:15,121 --> 00:17:20,440 Two rolled strips of copper were found near Qumran. 201 00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:27,880 When cut apart, they revealed an inventory of buried treasure. 202 00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:31,960 The wealth represented in the list was enormous. 203 00:17:31,960 --> 00:17:34,480 Gold and silver bullion. 204 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:38,400 Huge quantities of coins and sacred artifacts. 205 00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:44,240 Could this be the treasure of Jerusalem lost in the Roman attack of 70 AD? 206 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:49,959 If it is, the Jews must have hidden the wealth in secret places throughout the city. 207 00:17:49,959 --> 00:17:52,279 What has become of the treasure? 208 00:17:52,279 --> 00:18:00,679 Why would the list be hidden at Qumran? 209 00:18:00,679 --> 00:18:04,719 The ruins are mute. 210 00:18:04,719 --> 00:18:09,439 Basically however, the settlement was recognized in its own day as far more important than 211 00:18:09,439 --> 00:18:15,118 the size of its membership would suggest. 212 00:18:15,118 --> 00:18:20,758 Some scholars believe John the Baptist lived here as a boy, watching the scribes work at 213 00:18:20,758 --> 00:18:24,758 their writing tables. 214 00:18:24,758 --> 00:18:29,718 Jesus was certainly at least aware of the community and of the scripture being copied 215 00:18:29,718 --> 00:18:34,238 and sealed away in the large clay jars unique to Qumran. 216 00:18:34,238 --> 00:18:42,597 Some capsules to be opened in a distant age. 217 00:18:42,597 --> 00:18:46,517 From the other writings of the sect, we know that the community believed it was living 218 00:18:46,517 --> 00:18:49,597 in the last days before God's judgment. 219 00:18:49,597 --> 00:18:55,077 The ultimate triumph of light over darkness. 220 00:18:55,077 --> 00:18:59,517 Even as they labored to accumulate and preserve the Jewish scriptures, they prepared for the 221 00:18:59,517 --> 00:19:05,876 final struggle with the forces of evil and the new age to come. 222 00:19:05,876 --> 00:19:10,876 In this way, the Qumran settlers anticipated the apocalypse. 223 00:19:10,876 --> 00:19:19,636 When it came, they were unprepared for the result. 224 00:19:19,636 --> 00:19:26,196 The Qumran community continued for over 200 years to live here in this site with that daily 225 00:19:26,196 --> 00:19:30,476 expectation that the new age was about to begin and they would be involved. 226 00:19:30,476 --> 00:19:34,075 But instead, exactly the opposite happened. 227 00:19:34,075 --> 00:19:40,035 Instead of there being the sons of light who would destroy or defeat the sons of darkness, 228 00:19:40,035 --> 00:19:46,035 the sons of darkness came down in the form of the Roman Vespasian army and defeated the 229 00:19:46,035 --> 00:19:47,875 sons of light. 230 00:19:47,875 --> 00:19:53,875 The written contributions of Qumran live on in Jerusalem's shrine of the book. 231 00:19:54,635 --> 00:19:58,274 Qumran's spirit is alive too. 232 00:19:58,274 --> 00:20:04,154 Many of today's Jews are following the traditions established there so long ago. 233 00:20:04,154 --> 00:20:08,994 All who value faith are in some way indebted to the people who labored in the desert to 234 00:20:08,994 --> 00:20:10,754 preserve it. 235 00:20:10,754 --> 00:20:15,314 Qumran was destroyed and its inhabitants put to the sword. 236 00:20:15,314 --> 00:20:22,274 Perhaps however, the ultimate victory they prayed for was theirs after all. 237 00:20:22,274 --> 00:20:27,873 We notice the Essenes sent emissaries to Masada when they saw the end was near for Qumran. 238 00:20:27,873 --> 00:20:29,673 Perhaps they sent them elsewhere. 239 00:20:29,673 --> 00:20:31,873 The map will give us a clue. 240 00:20:31,873 --> 00:20:37,073 The east bank of the Jordan and Dead Sea is in many ways a mirror image of the west. 241 00:20:37,073 --> 00:20:39,233 For Jerusalem, there is Amman. 242 00:20:39,233 --> 00:20:42,553 For Elat, there is Akaba. 243 00:20:42,553 --> 00:20:47,513 Why should the Essenes and zealots not have established settlements on the east bank also? 244 00:20:47,513 --> 00:20:51,672 The political boundaries of today meant nothing then. 245 00:20:51,672 --> 00:20:55,272 The east bank has been untouched by archaeologists. 246 00:20:55,272 --> 00:20:58,952 What treasures may lie in these hills? 247 00:20:58,952 --> 00:21:05,192 Qumran was created to rise above the corruption and violence of its age. 248 00:21:05,192 --> 00:21:08,952 Peace has not yet come to the west bank of the Dead Sea. 249 00:21:08,952 --> 00:21:14,912 If it ever does, perhaps men can concentrate on finding more of the treasures Qumran left 250 00:21:14,912 --> 00:21:15,432 behind. 251 00:21:22,671 --> 00:21:27,911 Coming up next in search of continues with the journey into the strange and secret world 252 00:21:27,911 --> 00:21:29,591 of the Coral Castle. 253 00:21:29,591 --> 00:21:35,031 Then 20th century with Mike Wallace reports on the pros and cons of United Nations peacekeeping 254 00:21:35,031 --> 00:21:36,871 and peacebuilding missions.